On-campus education vs. online education! Is one better than the other? Can one completely replace the other? Indeed it seems that online education is the way of the future. Educational institutions, corporations and government organizations alike already offer various forms of electronic teaching. However, can a computer truly replace a teacher and a blackboard?
How people learn
Each individual has a form of learning that suits them best. Some individuals achieve fantastic results in courses taught online. However, most people drop out of 100% computer-led courses. Educational institutions and companies in carrying out staff training must recognize that there is no ideal way to carry out the teaching of a large group of individuals and so must design programs that best suits the needs of the group as a whole.
People learn using multiple senses. This involves learning through both theoretical components of a course and social interaction with both instructors and other students. Students learn from each other’s mistakes and successes, not just from what instructors tell them.
Each student has an ideal learning pace. Instructors are therefore faced with the challenge of designing courses that move forward such that those students with a slower learning pace do not get left behind, while not moving so slowly that students with faster learning paces get bored.
Online education
In the age of high-speed information transfer, online education is becoming a popular and cheap means for delivering teaching to individuals outside the classroom, and in some cases, all over the world. Teaching can be via CD, websites, or real-time online facilities such as webcasts, webinars, and virtual classrooms. However, different methods of online education each have their own advantages and disadvantages.
Online education is still a relatively new concept, and in many respects, still in the teething stages. As such, various problems arrive across different online education environments. For example:
1. Lack of immediate feedback in asynchronous learning environments: While some online education environments such as webcasts, webinars, and virtual classrooms operate live with the addition of an instructor, most do not. Although having the advantage of being self-paced, teaching that is delivered through a CD or website provides no immediate feedback from a live instructor.
2. More preparation is required on the instructor: In an online education environment, an instructor can not simply stand in front of a whiteboard and deliver a class. Lessons in online education environments must be prepared ahead of time, along with any notes and instructions accompanying the teaching.
In many cases, it would also be necessary that the instructor understand the concepts being taught and the technology used to deliver that teaching. This, therefore, increases the skill levels needed of online education instructors, placing greater demand on educational institutions.
Staffing levels may also be higher for courses run in an online education environment, requiring for example:
The Instructor – able to teach both course content and be skilled in the use of technologies involved
The Facilitator – to assist the instructor in delivering content, but may do so remotely
Help Desk – to offer assistance to instructors, facilitators, and students in using both software and hardware used to deliver the course.
3. Not all people are comfortable with online education: Education is no longer only sought by the world’s youth. With an increased trend towards adult and continuing education, there is a need to design courses suitable for students over a larger age range and students from different and varied backgrounds. It isn’t easy, however, to design online education environments suitable for everyone.
4. Increased potential for frustration, anxiety, and confusion: In an online education environment, more parts make up the system that can fail. Server failures may prevent online courses from operating. Software-based teaching applications may require other specific components to operate. Computer viruses may infect software necessary to run online education environments. If these systems are complex, students may choose the ease of On-campus education rather than taking the additional time and effort necessary to master the use of online education systems.
5. The Digital Divide: Many people who live in remote areas and developing countries do not have access to computers, making any form of online education virtually impossible. For this reason, online education can only be targeted at the people lucky enough to be able to take advantage of the technology involved. Similarly, offering live teaching across the world means that different time zones and nationalities increase the demand for multi-skilled instructors.
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In addition to these, there are also several legal issues associated with maintaining an online education environment. For example, intellectual property laws may or may not fully cover electronically created intellectual property, particularly those relating to copyright. For example, information on a website is not necessarily considered to be public domain, despite being available to everyone. However, the Australian Copyright Act was amended in 2001 to ensure that copyright owners of electronic materials, including online education environments, could continue to provide their works commercially.
On-Campus Education
Still the most common form of instruction is traditional classroom-style learning. These instructor-led environments are more personal than online education environments and also have the advantage of allowing for immediate feedback both to and from students and teachers alike. However, the classroom allows for less flexibility than courses run in online education environments.
Instructors in modern classroom environments can still take advantage of several forms of electronic teaching tools while still maintaining the atmosphere associated with the traditional classroom environment. For example, PowerPoint slides can be utilized instead of a whiteboard or blackboard. Handouts can be distributed via course websites before the event. However, on the day, students are still able to participate in the lesson actively.
Like online education environments, On-campus education comes with certain drawbacks, the most common of which is the classroom itself. This requires a group of people which, in a university, for example, could reach a few hundred people in size, to gather in the same place at the same time. This requires enormous time and financial commitment on behalf of both the students and the educational institution.
However, it is this sort of environment that is most familiar to students across the world. People of all ages can access a classroom environment feeling comfortable with how a classroom-run course is carried out. Older students who may not be comfortable with the use of information technology are not required to navigate their way through possibly complex online education environments, making On-campus education the most accessible form of teaching.
On-campus education has one advantage that 100% electronically delivered courses can not offer – social interaction. Learning comes from observing what is written on a page or presented in a slideshow and what is observed in others. Most students are naturally curious, and so will want to ask questions of their instructors. The classroom environment allows students to clarify what is being taught with their instructors and other students.
So, Which is Better?
There is no style of instruction that will best suit every student. Studies have shown (Can online education replace On-campus education) that courses, where online education is used to complement On-campus education, have proved more effective than courses delivered entirely using only one method. These courses take advantage of online education materials and a live instructor and have produced results higher than those of students in either 100% online education or classroom environment courses. Students have the advantage of the immediate feedback and social interaction that comes with the classroom environment and the convenience of self-paced online education modules that can be undertaken when it best suits the student.
It would seem that online education environments will never completely replace On-campus education. There is no “one size fits all” method of teaching. Teaching styles will continue to adapt to find the method that best fits the learning group. Using a mix of online education environments and classroom sessions, educational institutions, corporations, and government organizations can ensure that training is convenient and effective for both instructors and students alike.
